Achilles tendon injuries affect the Achilles tendon, a fibrous band of tissue that links the muscles in your calf to your heel. The strength and flexibility of this tendon are important for jumping, running, and walking.

Achilles tendon repair surgery is a type of surgery to fix a damaged Achilles tendon. This is the strong, fibrous cord in the lower leg that connects the muscles of your calf to your heel. It's the largest tendon in your body.

A joint dislocation is when there is an abnormal separation between the bones of a joint. When this happens in your ankle joint, it's known as an ankle dislocation. It is a severe injury.

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a type of surgery used to stabilize and heal a broken bone. You might need this procedure to treat your broken ankle.

Ankle fusion is a type of surgery to fuse the bones of your ankle into one piece. It's also known as ankle arthrodesis. The surgery is usually done to treat arthritis in the ankle.

Ankle replacement surgery is the replacement of a damaged ankle joint with an artificial implant.

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a type of surgery used to stabilize and heal a broken bone. You might need this procedure to treat your broken arm.

Arthritis of the elbow can cause pain when the joint is bent or straightened. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and injuries can cause this disorder. Symptoms of elbow arthritis can include pain, swelling, instability and lack of full...

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure to restore the function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones. An artificial joint (called a prosthesis) may also be used.

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive approach to diagnosing and treating many joint conditions. During the procedure, a fiber-optic instrument with a lighted tip—an arthroscope—is inserted into a small incision near the joint. Through the...

Arthroscopy is a minimally-invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat of conditions affecting joints. The healthcare provider can directly view the internal structures of a joint using an instrument called an arthroscope. An ...

Avascular necrosis develops when blood supply to a bone is cut off. This causes the bone to die and can cause pain and joint problems.

A Baker cyst (popliteal cyst) is a fluid-filled sac that forms behind the knee.

A bone bruise is a traumatic injury to a bone that is less severe than a bone fracture.

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that uses transplanted bone to repair and rebuild diseased or damaged bones. During a bone graft, your surgeon inserts a new piece of bone in the place where a bone needs to heal or join. The cells ...

A boxer's fracture is a break in the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone in the hand. It gets its name because the injury is common in inexperienced boxers.

Bunion surgery is done to reduce the pain and correct the deformity caused by a bunion. A bunion (hallux valgus) is an enlargement of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe.

Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, a closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. Bursitis of the shoulder (impingement syndrome) occurs when there is swelling and...

Carpal tunnel release is surgery to treat carpal tunnel syndrome. During this surgery, the surgeon cuts through a ligament in the wrist to make more room for nerves and tendons to pass through. This can improve the symptoms of carpal ...

Damaged cartilage can lead to pain and swelling, which make it difficult to maintain an active lifestyle without pain and discomfort. Fortunately, there are multiple treatment options for damaged cartilage.

A chondroblastoma is a rare type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in cartilage. This is the specialized, gristly connective tissue from which most bones develop. It plays an important role in the growth process. There are many ...

A compression fracture is a type of break in the bones in your back that stack up to form your spine. A compression fracture can cause back pain, limited movement, a decrease in height, and a stopped over posture. It often develops as a ...

A congenital limb defect is when an arm or leg doesn't form normally as a baby grows in the uterus. The baby is born with the defect.

Cubital tunnel syndrome happens when the ulnar nerve, which passes through the inside of the elbow, is injured and becomes inflamed, swollen, and irritated.The pain of cubital tunnel syndrome feels like the pain you feel when you hit ...

In a normal hip joint, the top (head) of the thighbone (femur) fits snugly into the hip socket. In a child with DDH, the hip socket is shallow. As a result, the head of the femur may slip in and out.

A number of prescription and over-the-counter drugs help relieve the pain, swelling and other symptoms that come with fractured bones, injured ligaments, disease, aging and degeneration of joints and bones. Managing pain is important for...

Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is a type of surgery used to stabilize and heal a broken bone. You might need this procedure to treat your broken elbow.

Electromyography measures the electrical impulses of the muscles at rest and when contracted. Electromyography is usually done with nerve conduction studies. Nerve conduction studies measure how well individual nerves transmit electrical...

Femoral anteversion is an inward twisting of the thighbone (femur). This health problem causes a child's knees and feet to turn inward. The child may have a pigeon-toed appearance.

Open reduction and internal fixation is a surgery used to treat a broken thigh bone. Orthopedic surgeons reposition the fractured bone pieces during surgery, so that they are back in their proper alignment, and physically reconnect the ...