A congenital limb defect is when an arm or leg doesn't form normally as a baby grows in the uterus. The baby is born with the defect.

In a normal hip joint, the top (head) of the thighbone (femur) fits snugly into the hip socket. In a child with DDH, the hip socket is shallow. As a result, the head of the femur may slip in and out.

Femoral anteversion is an inward twisting of the thighbone (femur). This health problem causes a child's knees and feet to turn inward. The child may have a pigeon-toed appearance.

A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. When a fracture happens, it is classified as either open or closed.

Lordosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It's when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) in the lower back curve inward more than normal.

Metatarsus adductus is a common foot deformity noted at birth. It causes the front half of the child's foot (forefoot) to turn inward.

Nursemaid's elbow is a type of elbow injury. It's when a forearm bone (radius) slips out of place from where it normally attaches to the elbow joint.

Scoliosis is a deformity of the backbone (spine). It's when the spine has a side-to-side curve. The curve of the spine measures 10 degrees or more.

Sever disease occurs when a tendon in one or both of your child's heels becomes injured and inflamed.

Tennis elbow is a repetitive stress injury. It happens when the muscles and tendons in the elbow area are torn or damaged.

Tibial torsion is an inward twisting of the shinbones. These bones are located between the knee and the ankle. Tibial torsion causes a child's feet to turn inward.

Achilles tendon injuries affect the Achilles tendon, a fibrous band of tissue that links the muscles in your calf to your heel. The strength and flexibility of this tendon are important for jumping, running, and walking.

A joint dislocation is when there is an abnormal separation between the bones of a joint. When this happens in your ankle joint, it's known as an ankle dislocation. It is a severe injury.

Arthritis of the elbow can cause pain when the joint is bent or straightened. Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and injuries can cause this disorder. Symptoms of elbow arthritis can include pain, swelling, instability and lack of full...

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive approach to diagnosing and treating many joint conditions. During the procedure, a fiber-optic instrument with a lighted tip—an arthroscope—is inserted into a small incision near the joint. Through the...

A bone bruise is a traumatic injury to a bone that is less severe than a bone fracture.

A boxer's fracture is a break in the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone in the hand. It gets its name because the injury is common in inexperienced boxers.

Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, a closed, fluid-filled sac that works as a cushion and gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. Bursitis of the shoulder (impingement syndrome) occurs when there is swelling and...

Damaged cartilage can lead to pain and swelling, which make it difficult to maintain an active lifestyle without pain and discomfort. Fortunately, there are multiple treatment options for damaged cartilage.

A chondroblastoma is a rare type of noncancerous bone tumor that begins in cartilage. This is the specialized, gristly connective tissue from which most bones develop. It plays an important role in the growth process. There are many ...

A compression fracture is a type of break in the bones in your back that stack up to form your spine. A compression fracture can cause back pain, limited movement, a decrease in height, and a stopped over posture. It often develops as a ...

Cubital tunnel syndrome happens when the ulnar nerve, which passes through the inside of the elbow, is injured and becomes inflamed, swollen, and irritated.The pain of cubital tunnel syndrome feels like the pain you feel when you hit ...

A number of prescription and over-the-counter drugs help relieve the pain, swelling and other symptoms that come with fractured bones, injured ligaments, disease, aging and degeneration of joints and bones. Managing pain is important for...

Electromyography measures the electrical impulses of the muscles at rest and when contracted. Electromyography is usually done with nerve conduction studies. Nerve conduction studies measure how well individual nerves transmit electrical...

Fibrous dysplasia is a chronic disorder in which an abnormal development of fibrous tissue causes bones to expand. Any bone can be affected. More than one bone can be affected at any one time, and, when multiple bones are affected, it is...

In most cases, a broken kneecap is caused by a direct blow to the front of the knee from a car accident, sports or a fall onto concrete. Two types of surgery may be done to repair a fractured kneecap. Once your kneecap has healed, making...

A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. Here is information on causes, symptoms, and treatment.

A giant cell tumor is one that is made up of a large number of benign (noncancerous) cells that form an aggressive tumor. It usually develops near a joint at the end of the bone. The location of a giant cell tumor is often in the knee, ...

A hip fracture is a break in the thigh bone (femur) of your hip joint. The majority happen to people older than 60 years of age, and women get more hip fractures than men.

According to the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 200,000 hip replacements are performed each year. Of these, osteoarthritis accounts for the majority of patients needing a hip replacement operation. The physicians...